Preface to the Fourth Edition
Acknowledgements
General Introduction
To the Reader
To the Lecturer
Accompanying Resources
About the Authors of the Tutorials
Part A: Metals
Chapter 1. Metals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Metals for a Model Steam Engine
1.3 Metals for Drinks Cans
1.4 Metals for Hip Joints
1.5 Data for Metals
Chapter 2. Metal Structures
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Crystal and Glass Structures
2.3 Structures of Solutions and Compounds
2.4 Phases
2.5 Grain and Phase Boundaries
2.6 Shapes of Grains and Phases
2.7 Summary—Constitution and Structure
Worked Example
Chapter 3. Phase Diagrams 1
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Source Books
3.3 Components, Phases, and Structures
Worked Example
Worked Example
3.4 One- and Two-Component Systems
Worked Example
3.5 Solutions to Examples
Chapter 4. Phase Diagrams 2
4.1 Eutectics, Eutectoids, and Peritectics
4.2 Test Examples
4.3 Solutions to Examples
Chapter 5. Case Studies in Phase Diagrams
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Choosing Soft Solders
5.3 Pure Silicon for Microchips
5.4 Making Bubble-Free Ice
Worked Example
Chapter 6. Driving Force for Structural Change
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Driving Forces
6.3 Reversibility
6.4 Stability, Instability, and Metastability
6.5 Driving Force for Solidification
6.6 Solid-State Phase Changes
6.7 Precipitate Coarsening
6.8 Grain Growth
6.9 Recrystallization
6.10 Sizes of Driving Forces
Worked Example
Chapter 7. Kinetics 1—Diffusive Transformations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Solidification
7.3 Heat-Flow Effects
7.4 Solid-State Phase Changes
7.5 Diffusion-Controlled Kinetics
7.6 Shapes of Grains and Phases
Worked Example
Chapter 8. Kinetics 2—Nucleation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nucleation in Liquids
8.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation
8.4 Nucleation in Solids
8.5 Summary
8.6 Nucleation Everywhere
Worked Example
Chapter 9. Kinetics 3—Displacive Transformations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Diffusive F.C.C. to B.C.C. Transformation in Pure Iron
9.3 Time–Temperature–Transformation Diagram
9.4 Displacive F.C.C. to B.C.C. Transformation
9.5 Details of Martensite Formation
9.6 Martensite Transformation in Steels
Worked Example
Chapter 10. Case Studies in Phase Transformations
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Making Rain
10.3 Fine-Grained Castings
10.4 Single Crystals for Semiconductors
10.5 Amorphous Metals
Worked Example
Chapter 11. Light Alloys
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Solid Solution Hardening
11.3 Age (Precipitation) Hardening
11.4 Work Hardening
Worked Example
Chapter 12. Steels 1—Carbon Steels
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Microstructures After Slow Cooling (Normalizing)
12.3 Mechanical Properties of Normalized Steels
12.4 Quenched-and-Tempered Steels
12.5 Notes on the TTT Diagram
Chapter 13. Steels 2—Alloy Steels
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hardenability
13.3 Solution Hardening
13.4 Precipitation Hardening
13.5 Corrosion Resistance
13.6 Stainless Steels
13.7 Phases in Stainless Steels
13.8 Improving Stainless Steels
Worked Example
Chapter 14. Case Studies in Steels
14.1 Detective Work After a Boiler Explosion
14.2 Welding Steels Safely
14.3 The Case of the Broken Hammer
Chapter 15. Processing Metals 1
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Casting
15.3 Deformation Processing
15.4 Recrystallization
Worked Example
Chapter 16. Processing Metals 2
16.1 Machining
16.2 Joining
16.3 Heat Treating
16.4 Special Topics
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Part B: Ceramics
Chapter 17. Ceramics
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Generic Ceramics
17.3 Ceramic Composites
17.4 Data for Ceramics
Chapter 18. Ceramic Structures
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Ionic and Covalent Ceramics
18.3 Simple Ionic Ceramics
18.4 Simple Covalent Ceramics
18.5 Silica and Silicates
18.6 Silicate Glasses
18.7 Ceramic Alloys
18.8 Microstructures of Ceramics
18.9 Vitreous Ceramics
18.10 Stone and Rock
18.11 Ceramic Composites
Worked Example
Chapter 19. Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Elastic Moduli
19.3 Strength, Hardness, and Lattice Resistance
19.4 Fracture Strength of Ceramics
19.5 Modulus of Rupture
19.6 Compression Test
19.7 Thermal Shock Resistance
19.8 Time Dependence of Strength
19.9 Creep of Ceramics
Chapter 20. Processing Ceramics
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Production of Engineering Ceramics
20.3 Forming Engineering Ceramics
20.4 Production and Forming of Glass
20.5 Processing Pottery, Porcelain, and Brick
20.6 Improving Ceramics
20.7 Joining Ceramics
Worked Example
Chapter 21. Cement and Concrete
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Chemistry of Cement
21.3 Structure of Portland Cement
21.4 Concrete
21.5 Strength of Cement and Concrete
21.6 High-Strength Cement
21.7 Reinforcing Cement and Concrete
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Chapter 22. Case Studies in Ceramics
22.1 Hard as Flint
22.2 Slate—Natural Roofing Material
22.3 Glass Roof Beams
Worked Example
Part C: Polymers
Chapter 23. Polymers
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Generic Polymers
23.3 Material Data
Worked Example
Chapter 24. Polymer Structures
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Molecular Length
24.3 Molecular Architecture
24.4 Molecular Packing and Glass Transition
Worked Example
Chapter 25. Mechanical Properties of Polymers
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Stiffness—Time and Temperature Dependent Modulus
25.3 Strength—Cold Drawing and Crazing
Chapter 26. Processing Polymers
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Polymer Synthesis
26.3 Polymer Alloys
26.4 Forming Polymers
26.5 Joining Polymers
Worked Example
Chapter 27. Case Studies in Polymers
27.1 Fatal Bungee Jumping Accident
27.2 Polyethylene Gas Pipes
27.3 Ultrastrong Fibers for Yacht Rigging
Part D: Composites
Chapter 28. Properties of Composites and Foams
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Fiber Composites
28.3 Modulus
28.4 Tensile Strength
28.5 Toughness
28.6 Foams and Cellular solids
28.7 Properties of Foams
28.8 Materials that are Engineered
Chapter 29. Wood Structure and Properties
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Structure of Wood
29.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood
29.4 Elasticity
29.5 Tensile and Compressive Strength
29.6 Toughness
29.7 Wood Compared to Other Materials
Worked Example
Chapter 30. Case Studies in Composites
30.1 Materials for Violin Bodies
30.2 Failure of a GFRP Surgical Instrument
30.3 Cork—A Unique Natural Foam
Worked Example
Appendix. Symbols and Formulae
List of Principal Symbols
Summary of Principal Formulae
References
Index