WDM Technologies: Optical Networks > 광통신

Contributors xiii
Foreword: The WDM Revolution xv
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter 1 Overview 1
1.1. Prospectus 1
1.2. Organization and Features of the WDM Technologies Series 4
1.3. Survey of Volume III, WDM Technologies: Optical Networks 5
References 9
Part 1 Overview and WDM/TDM Perspectives 11
Chapter 2 OTDM and WDM for Large-Scale Photonic Networks 13
2.1. OTDM and WDM for Large-Scale Photonic Networks as the Global Information Infrastructure 13
2.2. Ultrafast Photonic Processing 18
2.3. Wavelength-Band Generation 25
2.3.1. Operating Principle of Simultaneous Wavelength-Band Generation of Frequency-Standardized DWDM in CS-RZ Format 26
2.3.2. Experiments and Results 26
2.3.3. Summary of Section 2.3 32
2.4. Format Conversion 33
2.4.1. Operating Principle 33
2.4.2. Experiments and Discussions 33
2.4.3. Summary of Section 2.4 36
2.5. Wavelength-Band Conversion 38
2.5.1. HNL-DSF Wavelength Converter 39
2.5.2. Ultrafast 640-to-10 Gb/s OTDM DEMUX 40
2.5.3. C-to-L Wavelength-Band Conversion of a 640 Gb/s OTDM Signal 41
2.5.4. L-to-C Wavelength-Band Conversion of a 640 Gb/s OTDM Signal 43
2.5.5. Summary of Section 2.5 47
2.6. Polarization-Mode Dispersion and Its Equalization 47
2.6.1. Polarization-Mode Dispersion Equalization 48
2.6.2. Nonlinear Polarization-Mode Dispersion Equalization 51
2.6.3. Summary of Section 2.6 56
2.7. Conclusion 57
References 57
Part 2 Critical Technologies 63
Chapter 3 Optical Path Cross-Connect 65
3.1. Path Technologies 65
3.1.1. Role of Path 65
3.1.2. Electrical Path Technologies 68
3.2. Optical Path Technologies 73
3.2.1. Optical Path 73
3.2.2. Characteristics and Benefits of Optical Path Networks 76
3.2.3. Wavelength Path and Virtual Wavelength Path 84
3.2.4. IP Over Optical Path and Photonic MPLS 87
3.3. Optical Path Cross-Connect System 91
3.3.1. System Architecture 93
3.3.2. Optical Switch Component Technologies 101
3.3.3. Interface Technologies 108
3.3.4. Fault Management and Supervision Technologies 112
References 114
Chapter 4 Optical Packet Switching 119
4.1. Architecture 119
4.1.1. General Packet-Switch Architecture 119
4.1.2. Optical Packet-Switch Architecture 122
4.2. Subsystems 125
4.2.1. Space Division Switch 125
4.2.2. Optical Buffer Memory 126
4.2.3. Packet Synchronizer 128
4.2.4. Burst Receiver 130
4.3. Device Technology 131
4.3.1. Optical Switch 131
4.3.2. Optical Implementation 133
4.4. Optical Burst Switch 134
4.5. Optical Packet-Switching Testbeds 135
4.5.1. NEC Testbed 135
4.5.2. NTT Testbed 137
4.6. Summary 137
References 137
Chapter 5 Submarine Networks 141
5.1. Outline 141
5.2. Progress of Optical Submarine Networks 142
5.3. Submarine Cable Systems Configuration 146
5.3.1. Submerged Plant 146
5.3.2. Station Equipment 151
5.4. Network Configuration 159
5.4.1. Ring Networks 160
5.4.2. Trunk-and-Branch Networks 163
5.4.3. Festoon Networks 164
5.4.4. Mesh Networks 164
5.5. Network Implementation 165
5.5.1. Transoceanic Ring Network Protection 165
5.5.2. Network Protection Equipment (NPE) and TPC-5 CN 171
5.5.3. Network Operation and Maintenance 173
5.5.4. Optical Network Protection Equipment (ONPE) and JIH Cable 175
5.6. Future Submarine Networks 177
5.6.1. Recent Problems in Traditional Submarine Network Configuration 177
5.6.2. Survivability and Topology 181
5.6.3. OXC-Based Mesh Networks and Their Benefits to Submarine Cable Systems 182
5.6.4. Future Network Services 185
References 185
Part 3 Applications 189
Chapter 6 Optical Access/Metropolitan Area Network Using WDM 191
6.1. Introduction 191
6.2. Current Features 191
6.3. Current Status of Optical Technology 194
6.3.1. Optical Technology for Access and Metropolitan Area Networks 194
6.3.2. WDM Schemes 194
6.3.3. Optical Components 198
6.3.4. Features of WDM Technology 204
6.4. WDM System for Access and Metropolitan Area Networks 206
6.4.1. Wavelength Region for WDM Transmissions 206
6.4.2. Architecture 207
6.4.3. WDM Systems 210
6.4.4. WDM Technology 221
6.5. Future Networks for Access and Metropolitan Areas 236
6.5.1. Network Image and Its Requirements 236
6.5.2. Wavelength Utilization 237
6.5.3. Cost-Effective Approach 238
6.6. Standardization 239
6.7. Trends in Access and Metropolitan Area Networks 241
6.8. Conclusion 241
References 242
Chapter 7 A Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Optical Network for Video/Audio Signal Distribution in a Broadcast Center 249
7.1. Introduction 249
7.2. Requirements for a Signal Routing Network in a Contemporary Broadcast Center 250
7.3. Proposed WD/TD Optical Network 252
7.4. Network Design 256
7.4.1. WDM System 256
7.4.2. TDM System 261
7.5. Practical Network Development 263
7.5.1. Network Design 263
7.5.2. Practical Network Implementation 265
7.6. Conclusion 271
References 272
Chapter 8 WDM Computer Networks: A Survey 275
8.1. Introduction 275
8.2. WDM and WDM Computer Networks 276
8.2.1. Effectiveness of WDM 276
8.2.2. Economic Benefits of WDM 279
8.3. Local Optical Networks: WDM LAN 280
8.3.1. Broadcast-and-Select (Local) Optical WDM Networks 281
8.4. Metropolitan Optical Networks: WDM MAN 285
8.4.1. Metropolitan Technologies 285
8.4.2. WDM in Metropolitan Area Networks 286
8.5. Wide Area Optical Networks: WDM WAN 290
8.5.1. Wavelength Routing Networks 290
8.5.2. Fixed and Configurable Wavelength Routers 291
8.5.3. Wavelength Conversion 293
8.5.4. Routing and Wavelength Assignment 295
8.6. WDM Technologies on the Horizon 296
8.6.1. Passive Optical Networks 296
8.6.2. IP over WDM 298
8.6.3. WDM-Based Photonic Switches 299
8.6.4. Military Applications 299
8.7. Summary 301
References 301
Index 303