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Geochemistry > 지구과학/천문학

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Geochemistry
판매가격 89,000원
저자 White
도서종류 외국도서
출판사 Wiley
발행언어 영어
발행일 2013-4
페이지수 668
ISBN 9780470656686
도서구매안내 온, 오프라인 서점에서 구매 하실 수 있습니다.

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  • 도서 정보

    도서 상세설명

    Chapter 1: Introduction 1

    1.1 Geochemistry 1

    1.2 This book 2

    1.3 The philosophy of science 4

    1.4 Elements, atoms, and chemical bonds: some chemical fundamentals 6

    1.5 A brief look at the Earth 15

    References and suggestions for further reading 19

    Chapter 2: Energy, entropy and fundamental thermodynamic concepts 20

    2.1 The thermodynamic perspective 20

    2.2 Thermodynamic systems and equilibrium 21

    2.3 Equations of state 24

    2.4 Temperature, absolute zero, and the zeroth law of thermodynamics 26

    2.5 Energy and the first law of thermodynamics 27

    2.6 The second law and entropy 30

    2.7 Enthalpy 38

    2.8 Heat capacity 39

    2.9 The third law and absolute entropy 47

    2.10 Calculating enthalpy and entropy changes 48

    2.11 Free energy 51

    2.12 The maxwell relations 58

    References and suggestions for further reading 58

    Problems 59

    Chapter 3: Solutions and thermodynamics of multicomponent systems 61

    3.1 Introduction 61

    3.2 Phase equilibria 62

    3.3 Solutions 67

    3.4 Chemical potential 68

    3.5 Ideal solutions 71

    3.6 Real solutions 73

    3.7 Electrolyte solutions 80

    3.8 Ideal solutions in crystalline solids and their activities 88

    3.9 Equilibrium constants 89

    3.10 Practical approach to electrolyte equilibrium 96

    3.11 Oxidation and reduction 100

    References and suggestions for further reading 110

    Problems 111

    Chapter 4: Applications of thermodynamics to the Earth 116

    4.1 Introduction 116

    4.2 Activities in non-ideal solid solutions 116

    4.3 Exsolution phenomena 120

    4.4 Thermodynamics and phase diagrams 122

    4.5 Geothermometry and geobarometry 128

    4.6 Thermodynamic models of magmas 137

    4.7 Reprise: thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions 145

    References and suggestions for further reading 154

    Problems 156

    Chapter 5: Kinetics: the pace of things 160

    5.1 Introduction 160

    5.2 Reaction kinetics 161

    5.3 Relationships between kinetics and thermodynamics 172

    5.4 Diffusion 179

    5.5 Surfaces, interfaces, and interface processes 191

    5.6 Kinetics of dissolution and leaching 201

    5.7 Diagenesis 207

    References and suggestions for further reading 211

    Problems 213

    Chapter 6: Aquatic chemistry 217

    6.1 Introduction 217

    6.2 Acid–base reactions 217

    6.3 Complexation 231

    6.4 Dissolution and precipitation reactions 239

    6.5 Clays and their properties 249

    6.6 Mineral surfaces and their interaction with solutions 253

    References and suggestions for further reading 265

    Problems 265

    Chapter 7: Trace elements in igneous processes 268

    7.1 Introduction 268

    7.2 Behavior of the elements 270

    7.3 Distribution of trace elements between coexisting phases 281

    7.4 Factors governing the value of partition coefficients 283

    7.5 Crystal-fi eld effects 294

    7.6 Trace element distribution during partial melting 299

    7.7 Trace element distribution during crystallization 310

    7.8 Summary of trace element variations during melting and crystallization 315

    References and suggestions for further reading 316

    Problems 318

    Chapter 8: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry 321

    8.1 Introduction 321

    8.2 Physics of the nucleus and the structure of nuclei 322

    8.3 Basics of radiogenic isotope geochemistry 330

    8.4 Decay systems and their applications 334

    8.5 Cosmogenic and fossil isotopes 360

    References and suggestions for further reading 365

    Problems 367

    Chapter 9: Stable isotope geochemistry 371

    9.1 Introduction 371

    9.2 Theoretical considerations 373

    9.3 Isotope geothermometry 384

    9.4 Isotopic fractionation in the hydrologic system 387

    9.5 Isotopic fractionation in biological systems 388

    9.6 Paleoclimatology 396

    9.7 Hydrothermal systems and ore deposits 404

    9.8 Stable isotopes in the mantle and magmatic systems 409

    9.9 Isotopes of boron and lithium 417

    References and suggestions for further reading 424

    Problems 428

    Chapter 10: The big picture: cosmochemistry 430

    10.1 Introduction 430

    10.2 In the beginning . . . nucleosynthesis 431

    10.3 Meteorites: essential clues to the beginning 442

    10.4 Time and the isotopic composition of the solar system 456

    10.5 Astronomical and theoretical constraints on

    solar system formation 467

    10.6 Building a habitable solar system 478

    References and suggestions for further reading 489

    Problems 492

    Chapter 11: Geochemistry of the solid earth 493

    11.1 Introduction 493

    11.2 The Earth’s mantle 493

    11.3 Estimating mantle and bulk earth composition 502

    11.4 The Earth’s core and its composition 510

    11.5 Mantle geochemical reservoirs 516

    11.6 The crust 529

    References and suggestions for further reading 557

    Problems 561

    Chapter 12: Organic geochemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate 563

    12.1 Introduction 563

    12.2 A brief biological background 564

    12.3 Organic compounds and their nomenclature 565

    12.4 The chemistry of life: important biochemical processes 575

    12.5 Organic matter in natural waters and soils 580

    12.6 Chemical properties of organic molecules 589

    12.7 Sedimentary organic matter and coal and oil formation 599

    12.8 Isotope composition of hydrocarbons 614

    12.9 The carbon cycle and climate 617

    References and suggestions for further reading 629

    Problems 633

    Appendix 635

    Index 637
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